We tend to think of our peers as
those of similar social standing. A surgeon being sued for malpractice might then be
entitled to a jury of physicians. The drunk-driving defendant might argue that his beer
drinking companions are his peers. In fact, there
is no right to a jury of one’s peers. Our state and federal constitution provide
instead, for trial by an impartial jury. Jurors must be chosen
from a fair cross-section of citizens of the state and county. That cross-section is drawn
from a random list of licensed drivers, aged twenty-one or over.
Juror questionnaires are sent to the prospective jurors
and the selection process begins. What do you do for a living? Do you read, speak and
understand English? Are you a convicted felon? These are some of the questions. No felon,
no active duty soldier and no lawyer may serve on a jury. Go figure.
Some persons may serve, but will be excused if they
request it: clergymen, doctors, dentists, pharmacists and those who have served on a jury
during the last year. Extreme hardship or public safety concerns may also release a juror.
Until 1979, any woman could be excused from jury duty simply by asking. That year, the
U.S. Supreme Court declared that loophole unconstitutional.
As the trial date approaches, the court bailiff will
summon 35 or more jurors for the jury panel. The jury trial may be a civil trial, for
example: one person suing another for money. But more often, the trial will be criminal,
with the defendant charged with committing a crime.
Once the jury panel is sworn in and seated, the lawyers
get to ask them questions to determine which jurors can be fair and which may tend to
favor one side or the other. The judge then asks the panel to leave the courtroom.
The panel goes to the jury room for donuts, while the
lawyers do their best to remove jurors whom they believe may not be fair to both sides.
The jurors come back into the courtroom and twelve are seated in the jury box. Those who
are not selected are thanked by the judge and allowed to leave. The judge tells them they
are welcome to stay, but no one ever does. The trial begins.
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